The "rounds" on the occasion of the 115th anniversary of Kosciuszko's victory at Racławice belong to this category, as they included, in addition to traditional services, solemn meetings and rallies, other interesting, unusual events.
The issue of the University of Lviv was part of a broader confrontation over the status of the Ukrainian language and thus an element of national competition between Poles and Ukrainians. Students, as the most "progressive" and active part of society, were at the forefront of this struggle.
The murder of Adam Kotsko took place in 1910 amidst the riots that broke out over the possible opening of a Ukrainian university. The student was one of the leaders of the Ukrainian student movement here. After the bloody culmination, the struggles switched to a more legal political course.
The celebration of the victory of the Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian forces over the "German" crusaders could not but contain anti-German overtones. Therefore, in order to avoid confrontation with the central government, the press used the phrase "victory over the crusaders," which allowed everyone, including officials, to save their faces.
On 9-10 September 1911, the Ukrainian Sokil, similarly to regular Polish rallies, held its first rally in Lviv, timed to the 50th anniversary of Taras Shevchenko's death.
As in the case of the Polish poet-prophets, the Ukrainians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries began to actively form their "national pantheon". And as with the Poles, there was a conflict in the Ukrainian environment between the secular intelligentsia and the Catholic Church.
In 1912, Lviv decided to celebrate the "250th anniversary of the university", taking as a starting point the year 1661, when the Jesuit Academy was founded.
On 1 July 1912, a Ukrainian mourning demonstration took place in Lviv, organized in memory of Adam Kotsko, a Ukrainian student at Lviv University killed during Ukrainian-Polish student clashes two years earlier. This event is a rare example of Ukrainian national demonstrations in Lviv in the early 20th century that turned into a conflict with the police.
In 1912, the Russian Duma decided to separate the Kholm/Chełm Land from the Kingdom of Poland and to turn it into a separate province. This decision led to mass riots in Lviv, protests against the tsarist policies, conflicts with the police during an attempt to break through to the building of the Russian consulate in Lviv, and the burning of portraits of the tsar and the heir to the Russian throne during a rally near the Adam Mickiewicz monument.
