500th Anniversary of the Battle of Grunwald (1910)
The celebration of the victory of the Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian forces over the "German" crusaders could not but contain anti-German overtones. Therefore, in order to avoid confrontation with the central government, the press used the phrase "victory over the crusaders," which allowed everyone, including officials, to save their faces.
50th Anniversary of the November Uprising (1880)
It was the first time the event was celebrated in this format and interpretation. It demonstrated the growing popularity of nationalist ideas and the loss of the conservatives' ideological monopoly in Galicia.
A Ukrainian demonstration in memory of Adam Kotsko (1912)
On 1 July 1912, a Ukrainian mourning demonstration took place in Lviv, organized in memory of Adam Kotsko, a Ukrainian student at Lviv University killed during Ukrainian-Polish student clashes two years earlier. This event is a rare example of Ukrainian national demonstrations in Lviv in the early 20th century that turned into a conflict with the police.
A visit by the Prime Minister Koerber, demonstrations and clashes with the police (1904)
In August 31, 1904, the Prime Minister of Austria-Hungary, Ernest von Koerber, was scheduled to visit Lviv. But the main event of the day unexpectedly turned out to be a viche organised by Ukrainian populists.
An assembly "against Russian barbarism in Poland". Lviv, late January - early February 1905
In late January 1905, the Russian authorities suppressed workers' demonstrations in the cities of the Kingdom of Poland. After that, the Lviv Social Democrats organized a meeting of students and workers, which ended with a march through the city center and a devastation of the newspaper Słowo Polskie editorial office.
Anniversary of Lviv Jan Kazimierz University (1912)
In 1912, Lviv decided to celebrate the "250th anniversary of the university", taking as a starting point the year 1661, when the Jesuit Academy was founded.
Celebration of the "restoration of Poland" (November 1916)
Mass celebration took place in November 1916. The Polish Supreme National Committee and other organizations were responsible for organizing it.
Celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Regional Fire Association foundation
On August 4-7, 1900 the celebration of the 25th anniversary of foundation of the Voluntary Local Fire Society (Ochotnicza straż pożarna) was held in Lviv. Delegates from other territorial fire societies of the area as well as the ones from Bukovyna and Czechia participated in the celebration.
City in the empire
When the imperial policy moved away from neo-absolutism and the period of liberalization began, the urban elites got many other ways to "show themselves" besides religious rituals and imperial visits. These were, in particular, welcoming distinguished guests, marking public space and mass events related to local history.
