Militarization of national movements By the beginning of the 20th century, various paramilitary structures became very common. So did their participation in mass events.
The 40th anniversary of the Polish Mother Sokół Society in Lviv (1907) The 1907 rally was not an ordinary event in the province — it was an anniversary. That is why it lasted three days, one day longer than usual, with a larger number of participants involved.
The first provincial rally of the Ukrainian Sokil in Lviv (1911) On 9-10 September 1911, the Ukrainian Sokil, similarly to regular Polish rallies, held its first rally in Lviv, timed to the 50th anniversary of Taras Shevchenko's death.
The murder of Butkowski, a seminary professor, by Dzhehala, a student (1913) On 11 June 1913, Illia Dzhehala, a student of the teacher seminary, shot dead Karol Butkowski, a professor. This event, as well as the demonstrations it provoked, not only revealed the radicalization of young people and their desire to solve problems with a gun but also showed the trajectory of the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation.
The "war game" of the Polish Sokół in Lviv (1913) In 1913, Lviv hosted not just a regular Sokół's rally, but a real military demonstration. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the January Uprising, more than 8,000 armed and equipped members of the gymnastic society and scouts held a "training" on the topic of "the battle for Lviv against the Russian army".