All events

This project focuses on events in the public space of the city, under the open sky. After the suppression of the "Spring of Nations" in 1848 and until the adoption of the 1867 constitution, the only legal avenues for public expression were religious rituals and imperial celebrations. Going out into the streets to express one's opinion without it automatically being considered a rebellion was still a novelty.

Over time, the format of these events changed. Initially "viches" were common as gatherings of activists where each participant could be registered and controlled. Then political demonstrations and rallies gained popularity, where individuals could get lost in the crowd. ЗThe format of the meetings changed, but the term "viche" came to be used for both types of events: chamber and mass gatherings. This, in turn, meant that participation in politics could be anonymous, and participants could behave more radically and less law-abiding.

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The Emperor Is Coming 1855

The emperor's visit to Lviv on June 22-24 (on his way through Galicia to Bukovyna) was particularly military in nature.
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National City

Ukrainians and Poles did not just compete, they literally fought for the right to this city and province. The former claimed that Lviv was "the city of Prince Leo, the ancient capital of Galician Rus", while the latter declared it "the capital of the freest part of divided Poland."
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Polish National Anniversaries and Celebrations

During the period of Galician autonomy in Austria-Hungary, Polish elites learned to use the imperial ritual to promote their "national agenda." Acting as power (in the symbolic field), they seemed to become power themselves.
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Ruthenian Viches: Ukrainian Demonstrations

Many of the mass events held by Ukrainians in Lviv during the period of autonomy were called viche (assembly). It was a kind of response to the numerous Polish demonstrations and historical celebrations.
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The issue of a Ukrainian university in Lviv

What in the late 19th century looked like a demand by Ruthenian students at Lviv University to study in their native language evolved in a few years into a nationwide struggle to open a Ukrainian university.
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300th Anniversary of the Lublin Union

The 1869 events are mainly associated with the beginning of raising the mound at the Vysokyi Zamok Hill. However, there was also another important aspect of the anniversary, namely, holding, or rather an attempt at holding a mass commemoration.
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The Emperor Is Coming 1880

These visits to Lviv by the Emperor were neither the first nor the last. But they were probably the warmest and most comfortable.
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