The anniversary of the "liberation of the peasantry", which was marked by a celebration in the capital of the crown province, was a confirmation of the status of Lviv both as a place where public policy was made and as a symbolic city for which national projects competed. The large-scale character of the "Ruthenian action" was, as usual, to be provided by peasants from throughout the province.
November in Lviv was traditionally full of Polish national celebrations. It was in this month that the beginning of the November Uprising was celebrated and the anniversary of Adam Mickiewicz’s death was commemorated. The troubled year of 1905 was no exception.
The 1907 rally was not an ordinary event in the province — it was an anniversary. That is why it lasted three days, one day longer than usual, with a larger number of participants involved.
"Обходи" до 115-ліття перемоги Костюшка під Рацлавіцами належать якраз до цієї категорії, адже, крім традиційних богослужінь, урочистих академій і мітингів, містили інші цікаві "нестандартні" заходи.
The issue of the University of Lviv was part of a broader confrontation over the status of the Ukrainian language and thus an element of national competition between Poles and Ukrainians. Students, as the most "progressive" and active part of society, were at the forefront of this struggle.
The murder of Adam Kotsko took place in 1910 amidst the riots that broke out over the possible opening of a Ukrainian university. The student was one of the leaders of the Ukrainian student movement here. After the bloody culmination, the struggles switched to a more legal political course.
Відзначення перемоги польсько-литовсько-руських сил над "німцями"-хрестоносцями не могла не містити антинімецькі нотки. Тому, щоб уникнути конфронтації з центральною владою, в пресі використовували формулювання "перемога над хрестоносцями", що дозволяло всім, в тому числі чиновникам, зберегти лице.
On 9-10 September 1911, the Ukrainian Sokil, similarly to regular Polish rallies, held its first rally in Lviv, timed to the 50th anniversary of Taras Shevchenko's death.
Як і у випадку з польськими "поетами-пророками", українці наприкінці ХІХ — на початку ХХ століття взялися активно формувати свій "національний пантеон". І так само як серед поляків, в українському середовищі існував конфлікт між світською інтелігенцією та католицькою церквою.
