On 1 July 1912, a Ukrainian mourning demonstration took place in Lviv, organized in memory of Adam Kotsko, a Ukrainian student at Lviv University killed during Ukrainian-Polish student clashes two years earlier. This event is a rare example of Ukrainian national demonstrations in Lviv in the early 20th century that turned into a conflict with the police.
On 11 June 1913, Illia Dzhehala, a student of the teacher seminary, shot dead Karol Butkowski, a professor. This event, as well as the demonstrations it provoked, not only revealed the radicalization of young people and their desire to solve problems with a gun but also showed the trajectory of the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation.
In 1913, Lviv hosted not just a regular Sokół's rally, but a real military demonstration. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the January Uprising, more than 8,000 armed and equipped members of the gymnastic society and scouts held a "training" on the topic of "the battle for Lviv against the Russian army".
